Eccentric Bolt Group
An in-plane load offset from a bolt pattern's centroid puts direct shear (P/n) on every bolt plus a torsional shear (M·r/J) that grows with distance from the centroid. They add as vectors, so the worst bolt is where the two line up — and that moves as the load turns. Rectangular pattern, elastic method.
Bolts / ΣPolar J
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Direct shear
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Max bolt force
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Moment about the centroid
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Elastic (vector) method — assumes rigid plates and equal bolts sharing load by distance. A helper, not a substitute for engineering judgment.