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Bolted-Joint Diagram

Load factor C = kb/(kb+km) sets how an external load splits between bolt and clamped members. Bolt load = Fi + C·Fₑ; joint separates at Fi/(1−C). Member stiffness via Shigley's cone model. Units: mm, N, MPa. Get Aₜ from Threads.

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Bolt Ø d (mm)

Head/washer Ø D (mm)

Grip length L (mm)

Tensile area Aₜ (mm²)

E member (MPa)

E bolt (MPa)

Preload Fi (N)

External load Fₑ (N)

Plain shank in grip (mm, 0 = all thread)

Load factor C

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Bolt load

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Member load

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Separation load

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Bolt stress

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Concentric axial load, Shigley cone stiffness; the bolt is the shank and the threaded length in series (eq. 8–17), so a plain shank inside the grip raises kᵇ and C. Leaving it at zero treats the bolt as fully threaded, which is the low-C, conservative-for-fatigue case. A helper, not a substitute for engineering judgment.