Thermodynamics & Heat — Cheat Sheet
Conduction, convection, radiation, ideal gas, specific heat, efficiency.
Heat
| Sensible heat | Q = m·c·ΔT |
| Latent heat | Q = m·L |
| Heat rate | Q̇ = Q / t |
Conduction
| Fourier | Q̇ = k·A·ΔT / L |
| Thermal resistance | R = L / (k·A) |
| Series R | R_total = ΣR |
Convection & radiation
| Convection | Q̇ = h·A·ΔT |
| Radiation | Q̇ = ε·σ·A·(T⁴ − T_s⁴) |
| σ (Stefan-Boltzmann) | 5.67×10⁻⁸ W/m²K⁴ |
Gas & 1st law
| Ideal gas | PV = mR_specT = nRT |
| First law | ΔU = Q − W |
| Isothermal | PV = constant |
Cycles & expansion
| Carnot efficiency | η = 1 − T_c/T_h |
| Linear expansion | ΔL = α·L·ΔT |
| Thermal stress (fixed) | σ = E·α·ΔT |
Formula reference — verify against the governing standard. Not a substitute for engineering judgment.