Process Capability (Cp / Cpk)

Cp = (USL−LSL)/6σ measures spread; Cpk = min[(USL−μ), (μ−LSL)]/3σ also penalises being off-centre. Cp = Cpk only when perfectly centred. PPM assumes a normal distribution.

Calculator

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Cp
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CPU
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CPL
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PPM above USL
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PPM below LSL
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Total PPM
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Assumes a stable, normally distributed process. A helper, not a substitute for engineering judgment.