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Hydraulic Cylinder

Force = pressure × area. Extending uses the full bore; retracting loses the rod area, so it's always weaker. Units: mm, MPa (10 bar = 1 MPa), L/min → force N, speed mm/s.

Calculator

Bore Ø (mm)

Rod Ø (mm)

Pressure (MPa)

Flow (L/min, optional)

Extend force

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Retract force

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Extend speed

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Retract speed

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Bore area

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Annulus area

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Theoretical force — ignores seal friction and back-pressure. A helper, not a substitute for engineering judgment.